MR findings of hepatic cavernous hemangioma after intraarterial infusion of iodized oil

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed on five tumors of three patients who had hepatic hemangiomas. Four tumors were given an intraarterial infusion of 3–8 ml of iodized oil, while one tumor was not. MR images were obtained at 2.0 or 0.5 T. A single spin echo sequence with TE of 30 ms and TR of 500 ms and a double echo sequence with TEs of 60 and 150 ms and TR of 2000 ms, were used to produce relatively T1-, T2-weighted, and heavily T2-weighted images, respectively. Follow-up MR imaging was done 1–5 months after infusion of iodized oil. On relatively T1 weighted images, hemangiomas showed iso or hypointensity. On T2-weighted images, all tumors showed hyperintensity. However, on heavily T2-weighted images, tumors with iodized oil showed heterogeneous, slight hyperintensity, while tumors without iodized oil showed characteristic appearance of marked hyperintensity in hemangiomas. In hepatic cavernous hemangiomas with intraarterial infusion of iodized oil, familiarity with this unusual MR intensity of tumors on heavily T2-weighted images is useful to avoid the incorrect diagnosis and to reduce the frequency of inappropriate hepatic resection.     

地沟油对小鼠肝肾功能及脂肪代谢的影响

目的观察摄食地沟油对小鼠肝肾功能及脂肪代谢的影响。方法将72只小鼠平均分为6组,其中地沟油组与食用油组各3组,按照5、10和20μL/g剂量的地沟油或食用油连续隔天给予小鼠灌胃8周,比较两组小鼠灌胃前后丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)水平。结果地沟油的水分含量、酸价和过氧化值指标均超标。连续灌胃8周后,5μL/g剂量地沟油组小鼠ALT明显高于食用油组(P0.05);10μL/g剂量地沟油组小鼠AST高于食用油组(P0.05)。5、10和20μL/g剂量地沟油组小鼠Scr均高于同剂量食用油组(P0.05);10和20μL/g剂量地沟油组小鼠BUN均高于同剂量食用油组(P0.05);但相同剂量地沟油和食用油组小鼠的TG和TC未见统计学差异(P0.05)。结论连续8周摄食地沟油对小鼠肝、肾功能均有明显损害作用。     

鱼油脂肪乳对严重创伤病人血清炎性递质水平调节作用和预后的影响

目的:探讨鱼油脂肪乳对严重创伤病人血清炎性递质水平调节作用和预后的影响。方法:选择严重创伤病人(ISS评分16分)40例,随机分为两组,A组为对照组,B组加用鱼油脂肪乳0.2 g/(kg·d)。两组病人均接受等氮、等热量的全胃肠外营养(TPN),并于治疗前和治疗后第3、5和7天分别检测两组病人的血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)和IL-6的水平。统计两组病人多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)的发生率和28 d病死率。结果:B组病人治疗后不同时间点血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-1和IL-6均明显降低,与A组比差异有显著性统计学意义(P0.05)。B组MODS发生率明显下降(P0.05),28 d病死率有所降低,但无显著性差异。结论:鱼油脂肪乳可调节严重创伤病人炎性递质的释放,降低严重创伤病人血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-1和IL-6水平,能减少严重创伤病人MODS的发生率。     

鱼油脂肪乳对脓毒症并发严重急性胃肠损伤病人的免疫调理作用

目的:观察鱼油脂肪乳(FO)对严重脓毒症并发急性胃肠损伤Ⅲ级(AGIⅢ级)病人的疗效和免疫调理效果。方法:根据标准纳入AGIⅢ级病人78例,采用随机号码表将病人分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组病人在胃肠外营养(TPN)液中加入FO 10 g/d,24 h持续静脉注射。在TPN中加入中长链脂肪乳50 g与FO为5∶1。对照组不加FO。结果:治疗组病人60 d死亡11例(26.8%),对照组18例(48.6%)。57例病人(73%)为腹腔感染,其中治疗组病人28 d和60 d病死率均低于对照组。CD3总T淋巴细胞百分比低于对照组;辅助/诱导T淋巴细胞百分比低于对照组,而治疗第7天两组CD3总T淋巴细胞百分比、辅助诱导T淋巴细胞百分比均无统计学差异。39例病人存在感染性休克,其中治疗组28 d和60 d病死率均低于对照组;CD3总T淋巴细胞百分比、Ig G、Ig A水平均低于对照组,治疗第7天各项指标差异仍不显著。结论:FO可改善严重脓毒症并发急性胃肠损伤病人的免疫功能,从而降低病死率。     

硅油填充术后视网膜再脱离治疗的临床观察和疗效分析

目的：探讨硅油填充术后视网膜再脱离治疗的手术方法及临床疗效。

方法：对19例19眼硅油填充术后视网膜再脱离患者,行23G巩膜双通道硅油下视网膜复位手术。术后随访观察视力、眼压、视网膜复位及并发症。

结果：患者17例17眼手术后视网膜复位,成功率89%。术后1wk最佳矫正视力为手动/眼前～0.4。术后3d观察眼压升高>21mmHg者6眼,经降眼压治疗后均下降,术后3mo随访眼压为16.3～24.6mmHg。

结论：23G巩膜双通道硅油下视网膜复位术对早期简单的硅油填充术后视网膜再脱离有效、手术简便、安全。     

Vitreous substitutes:challenges and directions

Thenatural vitreous body has a fine structure and complex functions. The imitation of the natural vitreous body by vitreous substitutes is a challenging work for both researchers and ophthalmologists. Gases, silicone oil, heavy silicone oil and hydrogels, particularly the former two vitreous substitutes are clinically widely used with certain complications. Those, however, are not real artificial vitreous due to lack of structure and function like the natural vitreous body. This article reviews the situations, challenges, and future directions in the development of vitreous substitutes, particularly the experimental and clinical use of a new artificial foldable capsular vitreous body .     

Toxicological aspects of trans fat consumption over two sequential generations of rats: Oxidative damage and preference for amphetamine

Chronic consumption of processed food causes structural changes in membrane phospholipids, affecting brain neurotransmission. Here we evaluated noxious influences of dietary fats over two generations of rats on amphetamine (AMPH)-conditioned place preference (CPP). Female rats received soybean oil (SO, rich in n-6 fatty acids (FA)), fish oil (FO, rich in n-3 FA) and hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF, rich in trans fatty acids (TFA)) for two successive generations. Male pups from the 2nd generation were maintained on the same supplementation until 41 days of age, when they were conditioned with AMPH in CPP. While the FO group showed higher incorporation of n-3 polyunsaturated-FA (PUFA) in cortex/hippocampus, the HVF group showed TFA incorporation in these same brain areas. The SO and HVF groups showed AMPH-preference and anxiety-like symptoms during abstinence. Higher levels of protein carbonyl (PC) and lower levels of non-protein thiols (NPSH) were observed in cortex/hippocampus of the HVF group, indicating antioxidant defense system impairment. In contrast, the FO group showed no drug-preference and lower PC levels in cortex. Cortical PC was positively correlated with n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, locomotion and anxiety-like behavior, and hippocampal PC was positively correlated with AMPH-preference, reinforcing connections between oxidative damage and AMPH-induced preference/abstinence behaviors. As brain incorporation of trans and n-6 PUFA modifies its physiological functions, it may facilitate drug addiction.     

A Systematic Review of High-Oleic Vegetable Oil Substitutions for Other Fats and Oils on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Implications for Novel High-Oleic Soybean Oils

High–oleic acid soybean oil (H-OSBO) is a trait-enhanced vegetable oil containing >70% oleic acid. Developed as an alternative for trans-FA (TFA)-containing vegetable oils, H-OSBO is predicted to replace large amounts of soybean oil in the US diet. However, there is little evidence concerning the effects of H-OSBO on coronary heart disease (CHD)⁶ risk factors and CHD risk. We examined and quantified the effects of substituting high-oleic acid (HO) oils for fats and oils rich in saturated FAs (SFAs), TFAs, or n–6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) on blood lipids in controlled clinical trials. Searches of online databases through June 2014 were used to select studies that defined subject characteristics; described control and intervention diets; substituted HO oils compositionally similar to H-OSBO (i.e., ≥70% oleic acid) for equivalent amounts of oils high in SFAs, TFAs, or n–6 PUFAs for ≥3 wk; and reported changes in blood lipids. Studies that replaced saturated fats or oils with HO oils showed significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B (apoB) (P < 0.05; mean percentage of change: −8.0%, −10.9%, −7.9%, respectively), whereas most showed no changes in HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), the ratio of TC to HDL cholesterol (TC:HDL cholesterol), and apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1). Replacing TFA-containing oil sources with HO oils showed significant reductions in TC, LDL cholesterol, apoB, TGs, TC:HDL cholesterol and increased HDL cholesterol and apoA-1 (mean percentage of change: −5.7%, −9.2%, −7.3%, −11.7%, −12.1%, 5.6%, 3.7%, respectively; P < 0.05). In most studies that replaced oils high in n–6 PUFAs with equivalent amounts of HO oils, TC, LDL cholesterol, TGs, HDL cholesterol, apoA-1, and TC:HDL cholesterol did not change. These findings suggest that replacing fats and oils high in SFAs or TFAs with either H-OSBO or oils high in n–6 PUFAs would have favorable and comparable effects on plasma lipid risk factors and overall CHD risk.